Process for making brake-shoes.



PATENTED APR. 17, 1906.

W. D. SARGENT.

PROCESS POR MAKING BRAKE SHOES.

APPLIGATION FILED Nov.4.1903.

'llllll wi rl w, zlfiaiam'ment,

@W J v album PATENTED EPEE?, 1905.

` W. E. SERGENT. PROCESS EOE. MAKING EEAKE sEoEs.

APPLICATION FILED NOVA, 1903.

2 SHEETS-@SHEET Z4 III- @mi hvmnovao;

33..,- DM WW www) UNITED sfrArns PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM DURHAM SARGENT, OF NEIYORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO AMERI# CAN BRAKE SHOE 8a FOUN DRY COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A COR- PORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

PROCESS FOR MAKING BRAKE-SHOES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented April 17, 1906.

'Appiicaeon med November 4.1903. serai No. 179,831.

and wearing qualities of soft iron with the resistance and hardness of cast iron, and to conveniently make such a composite shoe by filling in a supporting shell with the two mixed metals to provide a method by which a regulable and certain quantity of malleable metal may be inserted in a cast shoe; to provide a process by which malleable steel filaments may be inserted into a brake shoe without melting or destroying their quality, and to providefor even distribution of the various kinds of metal in the Wearing surface of the shoe; to provide Jfor chilling the portions of the shoe formin the filling thereof; to provide a cast brake s 10e having amalleable metaliilling firmly bound to a malleable l`metal backing, and to Generally cheapen and simplify the method of making brake shoes, and improve the structure of the same.

The above objects, together with other advantages which will hereinafter appear, I attain by means of the procedure described herein and illustrated in preferred form in the accompanying drawings, wherein- Figure 1 is a plan view of the steel back and the position of the metal of the cast shell indicated in dotted lines;

Figure 2 is a central longitudinal section of the back and the shell cast thereon, previous to utting in the filling; l

I* irrure 3 is an under plan view of the shell and hlling before the pouring in of the hardcast metal, showing the preferred arrange ment of the expanded metal filaments;

Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of the complete shoe showing the cast shell and backing, the, filling of malleable metal layers and hard cast metal therein;

Figure 5 is a cross section of the back and shell, taken on line (5) of Figure 2;

Figure 6 is a cross section of the shell filled with the expanded metal, taken on the line (6) of Figure 3.

Figure 7 is a cross section showing a modiiication in which the shell is made entirely of cast iron and the filling held therein by forming the opening in the back ofthe shell in a dove-tailed shape as shown;

Figure 8 is a similar central cross section of another modification, in which the attaching lug is made partly of a metallic strap instead of casting said lug;

Figure 9 is a central cross section and half perspective of a form of shoe for use on engine drivers and other places where the shoe and head are made in one piece, and showing the filling attached thereto by an opening or set of openings made of a dove-tailed form to retain the filling; f

Figure 10 is an under plan view of afiange brake shoe made for use on drivers, in which the throat of the flange is left open, the shell being entirely cast; and

Figures 1 1 and 12 are cross sectionalviews, taken respectively on lines (11) and (12) in Fi ure lO. v

In Figures 1 to 6, I have shown the formof shoe which I refer, as being strengthened by the steel baci?, but the broader embodiment of my invention is illustrated by Figure 7, in which the shell is entirely of east iron and the filling is attached thereto by means of the metal extending through the dove tailed openings in the back, as will be understood;

The many advantages of having a brake shoe made of composlte material including both the hard resisting qualities of cast iron and the drag or superior frictional qualities of soft iron or steel, are well known to the railway trade. In making such shoes, difficulty has ,been experienced in combining them properly together and with the proper strength and proper connection with the backing of the shoe; and it has also been diffircult to make such shoes in such form that the IOO `that the procedure is just the same.

in Figure 7, or, as in the preferred form., as fol- 4 lows: f

I may use a steel backing to strengthen the" shoe, and in such* case I prefer the form of back 7 as shown in Figure l' having the openings (9) and the cut-out portion (8) near the center to accommodate the metal to hold the attaching lug.. and the shell together. Placing such a steel back in a mold, I cast around f it the shell 10 Which'will ordinarily be say 5/16th of aninch thick so that it surrounds all the edges ofthe steel back and forms the key lug and the lugs 12 passin'gr over the part The o enings (9) are not filled, and the back and fgont` parts of the steel back are left uncovered, as will be seen from Figure 2. rllhe lug '11 can be either a cast lug, as here shown, or a reinforced or malleable iron lug 11"* as in Figure 8,if desired. For making this shell portion, I prefer to usel a superior quality of soft and tough gray iron.y

This cast shell and back, being thus at I tach'ed together as above described, the Walls of the shell and other parts are carefully cleaned, whereupon I pack some form of ,malleablel metal, such 'as the 'expanded steel strips illustrated in Figures 3 and 6, in the open space Within the shell,l preferably placing them alternating in direction as is shown in Figure 3. These may be cut of proper dimensions vand placed inthe face in'whatever proportions are esired, and densely as desired. The shell Wit the expanded metal filaments therein is then placed face down upon a form of sand or iron as'may be desired, and the interstices between the filaments of soft metal are filled by pouring in the molten hard cast metal through the openings (9) in the back, thoroughly and completely filling all the space between the malleable metal `filaments and fiush with the outer edges of the shell, and extending through the openings in the back, forming the necks 15, Which may WhenI desired,`be slightly lapped over the edges in order to secure a better hold thereon. F011 this filling I prefer to use a very hard cast iron, for the reasons above set forth.

In thle simpler form of the shell as shdwn in Figure 7 it will be understood, of courge, T 1e openings in the back of the shell l() are 'formednarrower toward the front ofthe shoe than in the rear in order that the neck of the filling, a, projecting therethrough, will have acked as,

a firm hold upon the back even when the It. will be observed that this process is par-v ticularly advantageous in the making of the form of' shoe illustrated in Figures 10, 11, and

12, which is used upon heavy drivers and is so formed that the throat or open space (18) comes upon that part of the Wheel which is the most Worn upon the rail in running. The filling 14 is attached to the shell 10b as before by projecting the neck 15b tlnough any number and form of openings in the back of the shell 10b, the` space ('18) being provided in the filling.

It will be observed that by this method of procedure in the pouring of the hard cast metal into the open space and covering the expanded metal, the heat of the' cast metal is takeir up very largely by the cold side Walls of the shell and therefore the molten iron does not destroy the quality of the strands of expanded steel. -The filaments of steel are preserved intact' throughout the shoe and this greatly adds yto the strength of the shoe. The filling is made more denseby this chilling and practically the entire wearing face ofthe shoe is thus constituted of a combination of dense hard iron, well suited to give durabilitv and hardness, mixed with ductile steel Whic contributes to superior 'frictional qualities as Well as strength. This combination of metal is firmly locked together and to the steel back, since it will be observed that the filling or briquet portion cast inside, has ahold on the inner edges of the openings of the steel back, While the metal. of the sides has an equally firm hold upon the outside edges of the steel back. Thus the two essential cast parts are thoroughly anchored togetherv and IOO IIO

to the steel back and the result is a shoe which can hardly be broken apart as it Wears down, and the expanded metal presents its superior Wearing surface clear through to the extreme ,back of the shoe, so that the quality of metal exposed to Wear is as efiective'at the end ofthe life of the shoe as at the beginning.' By trie thorough distribution of the hard and brittle gray cast iron filling with the malleable Steel,they are so placed that they cannot fall out, and at the same time the heat does not destroy the qualities of the malle* able filaments, during casting. When the shoe is completely Worn out, it Will be seen that the parts may be easily broken oii and the steel back may be used over again.

Various other advantages of the process and of the form of shoe shown Will readily oci' ing of molten hard cast meta -cur to thosev familiar with the 'use of brake shoes.

Having thus described my invention and illustrated its use, what I claim as new, and

vconsists in providing a cast shell of roper form having dove-tailed' openings t erein, placing .filamentsof malleable metal in said shell andpouring in molten metal to fill the interstices between the malleable filaments, extending said filling throughthe openings to bind the shell and filling'to ether.

2. The process of making fil ed brake shoes Whichconsists in providing a cold shell of iron7 partly filling the same with `malleable metal pieces, and then pourin in a final filll whereby the cast filling is chilled in pouring, substantially as and for -the pur ose described.

3. The process o making brake shoes/which consists in casting a circumferential shell of cast iron around a steel backing, filling the space in said shell with malleable filaments and filling the interstices' between said fila* ments with cast iron, substantially as dey scribed.

4. The processof makin brake shoes which consists in casting a she l u on the outside edges. of a steel back, filling t e space formed by the shell and back with filaments of malleable iron in skeleton form, and then pouring into the interstioes between said filaments a filling of hard cast iron, substantially as described.

5. The process. of making brake shoes which consists in providing a steel backing having perforations therein, castin thereon a circumferentially arranged she l so as to engage the outer edges 'of the back, then filling the space in said shell with iilaments of malleable steel and filling the interstices between said filaments with molten cast. ir'on, extending the same through the said openings in the steel back7 whereby both the shell and the filling of cast metal have a hold upon the edges of said steel back.

6. The process of makin brake shoes which consists in providing a co d shell of cast iron in the form of a com lete box except for one open side, partly filing the space therein with filaments of malleable metal and then pourin in molten cast iron to fill the interstices etween the filaments of malleable metal. p

In testimony whereof l have hereunder signed my name in the presence of the two subscribed witnesses.

WILLIAM DURHAM SARGENT.

Witnesses M. B.' J Us'rios, WILLIAM CoNovER. 

